According to the Kalika Purana this place had Karatoya River as its western boundary. The affinity is with Southeast Asia. Early Neolithic cultures based on the unifacially flaked hand-axe in the Garo hills have developed in line with the Hoabinhian culture, and it is conjectured that this region was the contact point for the Indian and the Southeast Asian cultures. The earliest inhabitants of the region are assigned to the Middle Pleistocene period (781,000 to 126,000 years ago) in the Rongram valley of Garo Hills. The last Pala king was removed by the Gaur king, Ramapala, in 1110. On the Kurukshetra of scholarship, India has won the Mahabharata, and reclaimed its civilisation. In the earliest recorded times, Assam was part of Kamarupa, a state that had its capital at Pragjyotishapura (now Guwahati). The members for these seats were recommended (not elected) by rotating groups of public bodies. Although invaded over the centuries, it was never a vassal or a colony to an external power until the third Burmese invasion in 1821, and, subsequently, the British ingress into Assam in 1824 during the First Anglo-Burmese War. From 1859 central Indian labor was imported for the tea plantations. to the Present Assam pioneered the writing of history in the Indian subcontinent. Lt. Singer, a British officer got into a fracas with the peasants and was killed, after which the protests were violently suppressed. This labor, based on an unbreakable contract, led to a virtual slavery of this labor group. The earliest mention of the city of Pragjyotisha is found in the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The Hindu epics and literature like Mahabharata, Kalika Purana and Yogini Tantra throw enough light on ancient Assam. Eastern Bengal and Assam under Lt. The history of Assam is the history of a confluence of people from the east, west, south and the north; the confluence of the Tibeto-Burman (Sino-Tibetan), Indo-Aryan and Austroasiatic cultures. Premendra Mitra was one of the most popular Bengali novelist, short story writer and poet. He had his capital at Mairanka, identified with a hill called Mairang Parvat near Guwahati. His works are now included in the curriculum of school and college levels. in 16th Century. See: Kamata kingdom, Ahom kingdom, Chutiya kingdom, Kachari kingdom, Bhuyan chieftains. In the eastern part of the erstwhile Kamarupa kingdom, the Kachari (south bank of river Brahmaputra, central Assam) and the Chutiya (north bank of river Brahmaputra, eastern Assam) kingdoms arose, with some Bhuyan chiefs controlling the region just west of the Chutiya kingdom. Kamarupa's first inscription is from the Allahabad inscription of Samudragupta. The fall of subsequent kings and the rise of individual kingdoms in the 12th century in place of the Kamarupa kingdom marked the end of the Kamarupa kingdom and the period of Ancient Assam. But the two subsequent kings, Timgyadeva and Vaidyadeva, though established by the Gaur kings, ruled mostly as independents and issued grants under the old Kamarupa seals. King Naraka replaced the earliest political entity led by a non-Aryan Danava dynasty under the leadership of Mahiranga, the first king of Assam. Ahoms • Brahmins • Kaibartas • Kalitas • Muslims • Sikhs • Sutiyas. The agitational programs were largely non-violent, but there were incidents of acute violence, like the Nellie massacre where over 3000 (non officially 10000 murdered)[21] Bengali speaking Muslim were massacred in Nagaon district. The colonial era began with the establishment of British control after the Treaty of Yandaboo in 1826, and the post-colonial era began in 1947 after the Independence of India. Copyright © Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. All rights reserved including the right to reproduce the contents in whole or in part in any form or medium without the express written permission of Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. Kamal Kumar Majumdar was a fiction-writer of the Bengali language. Some typical sites are Daojali Hading in Dima Hasao, Sarutaru in Kamrup district and Selbagiri in the Garo Hills. [7] The kingdom reached its zenith under Bhaskaravarman in the 7th century. Patinenkilkkanakku is written in the Venpa meter. Assam NRC Coordinator Prateek Hajela on Monday likened himself to Mahabharata's Arjun, who saw only the eye of the golden fish, in dealing with political pressure around the historic document. The powers of the Council were increased too; but in effect, the official group, consisting of the Europeans, the nominated members etc. But owing to mismanagement and failure to pay regular revenue, the British authorities annexed his kingdom in 1838. Assamese Mahabharata Assamese Mahabharata lays bare the quintessential essence of Assam as it converges with the prism like rhapsodies of myth. Tungkhungia Buranji or A History of Assam 1681–1826 A.D. Department of Historical and Antiquarian studies in Assam, Guwahati 2nd Edition 1968 page 210-211, Gait E.A. Location: Nidhanpur, a village in the Sylhet District of Bangladesh. Ancient Assam History Ancient Assam was known as Pragjyotisha in early times and as Kamarupa in later times. Kachhar dynasty is the descendents of Kirat dynasty described in Mahabharata. The partition was finally annulled by a royal decree in 1911. What Nidhanpur Copper Plates Say about Assam Antiquity from Mahabharata Era. Patinenkilkkanakku is a collection of 18 Tamil poetic works which were written in the period of ethical Tamil literature, after the Sangam age. A History of Assam 2nd Edition 1926 Thackar, Spink & Co Calcutta page 303-311, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Population by religion community – 2011", https://www.academia.edu/19520196/Akkel_Ali_Seikh_A_forgotten_Freedom_fighter_of_East_Bengal_origin_in_Assam, http://www.slideshare.net/umain30/genesis-of-nellie-massacre-and-assam-agitation, "Assam riots: Of ghost towns and relief camps, 4 lakh people displaced", "The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Assam&oldid=990750675, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 08:32. Assamese, which was replaced by Bengali as the official language in 1837, was reinstated alongside Bengali. Dhritrashtra’s wife Gandhari was the daughter of King Subal of Gandhar. It can only be conjectured that metal age sites in the region exist but have not yet been discovered. The Paleolithic sites, which used handaxe-cleaver tools, have affinities to the Abbevillio-Acheulean culture. Since these cultures have been dated to 4500–4000 BCE, the Assam sites are dated to approximately that period. (, Gait E.A. The Ramayana and The Mahabharat in Assamese Literature | U.C. This might seem like an impossibility given that corresponding cultures have been discovered in Bengal as well as Southeast Asia. Under the Wasteland Rules of 1838, it became nearly impossible for natives to start plantations. In 1830 Dhananjoy Burhagohain, Piyali Phukan and Jiuram Medhi rose in revolt, and they were sentenced to death. From 4th Century B.C. In Aswamedha-parvan of the Mahabharata, Arjuna faced Vajradatta of Pragjyotisha. It is generally believed that the state of … Known for its rich culture and diverse population, the culture of Assam is a fusion of Indo Burmese, Mongolian and Aryan influences. The annexation of upper Assam is attributed to the successful manufacture of tea in 1837, and the beginning of the Assam Company in 1839. Folklore marks this to be the place where Bhima and Ghotokacha played chess. [9] But Hussein Shah and subsequent rulers could not consolidate their rule in the Kamata kingdom, mainly due to the revolt by the Bhuyan chieftains,[10] a relic of the Kamarupa administration, and other local groups. The period saw the sudden rise of Gopinath Bordoloi and Muhammed Saadulah and their tussle for power and influence. The kingdom reached its traditional extent, from the Karatoya in the west to Sadiya in the east. Ancient Kamarupa included roughly the Brahmaputra River valley, Bhutan, the Rangpur region (now in Bangladesh), and Koch Bihar, in West Bengal state. Colonialism was well entrenched, and the tea, oil and coal-mining industries were putting increasing pressure on the agricultural sector which was lagging behind. The name of the demon king Banasura reverberates in the epic of Mahabharata in relation to Lord Krishna. [6] This and the two succeeding dynasties drew their lineage from the mythical Narakasura. Protohistoric Assam is reconstructed from epics and literature from early times (Mahabharata, Kalika Purana, Yogini Tantra, diff. The colonial government already had monopoly over the opium trade. After the liberalization of the rules in 1854, there was a land rush. Antarjali Jatra is one of his notable novels. magnum opus, the Mahabharata, is concerned, the scenario changes sharply. In 1830, the Kachari king Govinda Chandra was assassinated. Mythology. The capital was at Shillong. It is basically an anthology of variant poets covering themes of war, romance and laments of personal life. chronicles etc.). The earliest known king of ancient Assam was Mahiranga Danava. In 1824, the First Anglo-Burmese War broke out. The way forward lies in having the conviction to bring the Mahabharata into the Indian mainstream – in literature, of course, but equally in statecraft, foreign policy, military studies, philosophy, economic management, administration and justice. The history of Assam can be divided into four eras. But those were termed as immigration from Bangladesh, resulting in more than 85 deaths and displacement of 400,000 people. The peasants, burdened under the opium monopoly and the usury by money lenders, rose again in revolt. His writings reflect the larger picture of the then society. removed by Alauddin Hussain Shah in 1498. While Sarala Dasa rendered the original Mahabharata in Sanskrit into Oriya in the 15th century, Rama Saraswati, the earliest and foremost Vaisnavite poet in Assam, translated the major portion (not complete) of the Mahabharata a full century later, i.e., in the 16th Century. Xuanzang visited his court and left behind a significant account. that the Kamarupa kings issued during their reign. Dyarchy (1921–1937): Under the Government of India Act 1919 the Assam Legislative Council membership was increased to 53, of which 33 were elected by special constituencies. According to legend, the last of the Naraka kings was killed by Krishna and his son Bhagadatta took the throne. In the Indian rebellion of 1857, rebels supporters offered resistance in the form of non-cooperation, and Maniram Dewan and Piyali Baruah were executed for their roles. In a court hearing replete with arguments that referred to the Mahabharata and Ramayana, prosecution and defence lawyers Thursday argued the bail plea of Pinjra Tod member Natasha Narwal, who is facing trial in a UAPA case connected to the Northeast Delhi riots. The movement, led AASU and AAGSP, set an agitational program to compel the government to identify and expel illegal immigrants and prevent new immigration. [14] With the defeat of the Burmese in the First Anglo-Burmese war and the subsequent Treaty of Yandaboo, control of Assam passed into the hands of the British, which marks the end of the Medieval period. In 1861 peasants of Nagaon gathered at Phulaguri for a raiz mel (peoples' assembly) to protest against taxes on betel-nut and paan. Sonita was the country of Asura king Bana or Vana. Mayong along with Pragjyotishpura (the ancient name of Assam) find place in many mythological epics, including the Mahabharata.Chief Ghatotkacha of Kachari Kingdom took part in The Great Battle of Mahabharata with his magical powers. Bhaskaravarman died without leaving behind an issue and the control of the country passed to Salasthamba, who established the Mlechchha dynasty. In the ancient Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata, Assam was known as 'Kamarupa' or 'Pragjyotish'. In 1828, two years after the Treaty of Yandaboo, Gomdhar Konwar rose in revolt against the British, but he was easily suppressed. As Assam got sucked into the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Assam Association slowly transformed itself into the Assam Pradesh Congress Committee (with 5 seats in AICC) in 1920–21. The rivalry between the two kingdoms resulted in the former allying with the Mughals and the latter with the Ahoms. 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